Alberto Fujimori, Peru's controversial president from 1990 to 2000, died at 86 on September 11, 2024, announced by his daughter, Keiko, as he prepared to run for the presidency again in 2026.

Fujimori's death marks the end of a polarizing political legacy that began with economic stabilization and the defeat of guerrilla insurgencies but ended in corruption scandals and human rights abuses. His recent plans to return to power—following a controversial pardon from his convictions—highlight the enduring divisions in Peru over his presidency, which continues to spark debates about authoritarianism and democratic governance.

During his presidency, Fujimori introduced economic policies known as 'the Fujishock' aimed at controlling hyperinflation. These measures received mixed reviews; while they initially stabilized the economy, they also led to widespread social discontent due to severe austerity measures that affected the middle and lower classes.

Fujimori's administration is notable for its aggressive approach to combating guerrilla violence, particularly against the Shining Path insurgency. His government employed military tactics that successfully diminished the influence of this group, reclaiming control in many rural areas. Although these actions are credited with restoring a degree of security, they came at a significant human cost, accompanied by accusations of widespread human rights violations.

As he consolidated power, Fujimori demonstrated an increasingly autocratic style. In 1992, he executed a self-coup, dissolving Congress, dismissing judges, and altering the constitution to secure a third term in office. This maneuver raised alarms among international observers and sparked protests from political opposition, who viewed his actions as blatant disregard for democratic norms.

Fujimori's presidency was ultimately marred by corruption allegations. A scandal involving his intelligence chief, Vladimiro Montesinos, erupted in 2000, leading to charges of bribery and corruption against high-ranking officials. These revelations culminated in Fujimori's abrupt flight to Japan that same year, where he resigned by fax, further complicating the situation in Peru.

In a historic turn of events, Fujimori became the first former leader worldwide to be tried and convicted for human rights violations. His trial followed years of testimony regarding the activities of death squads authorized under his regime, which resulted in numerous civilian fatalities. In 2009, he received a 25-year prison sentence for these crimes, a decision that remains a defining point in discussions about accountability for past abuses in Latin America.

Despite his controversial record, Fujimori maintained a loyal support base that admired his initial successes in economic reform and security. His passing has prompted varied reactions, with supporters embracing his achievements while opponents underscore the authoritarian and corrupt governance that defined his time in power.

Fujimori's 2017 medical pardon, which briefly allowed him to leave prison on health grounds, ignited national protests, reflecting the deep-seated societal divisions his presidency cultivated. Although the pardon was later annulled, it underscored the persistent divisions in Peru regarding his legacy and the ongoing struggle for justice and reconciliation.

The announcement of Fujimori's death by his daughter Keiko highlights his family's continued involvement in Peruvian politics. Keiko, a former presidential candidate, has been a prominent figure in the political landscape and has often publicly defended her father's legacy, emphasizing his role in economic recovery.

As Peru navigates the consequences of Fujimori's presidency, the legacy of his leadership remains a contentious issue. The country still grapples with the implications of his autocratic rule and the corruption that flourished during his administration, indicating a complex historical narrative that will continue to influence future generations.